Transporter proteins are a class of proteins that are involved in transporting various molecules across cell membranes. These proteins play a crucial role in maintaining homeostasis by regulating the concentration of ions, nutrients, and other molecules inside cells. They can be classified into different families based on their specific substrates and mechanisms of transport. Transporter proteins are essential for many physiological processes, such as nutrient uptake, waste removal, and cell signaling. Dysfunction of transporter proteins has been linked to various diseases, including metabolic disorders and neurological conditions. Research in this area focuses on understanding the structure, function, and regulation of transporter proteins, as well as developing new therapies targeting these proteins for disease treatment.